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Disease Profile
Poliomyelitis
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
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Age of onset
Childhood
ICD-10
A80.0 A80.1 A80.2 A80.3 A80.4 A80.9
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Polio; Infantile paralysis
Categories
Nervous System Diseases; Viral infections
Summary
Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. It is caused by infection with the poliovirus which can be spread by direct person-to-person contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces. There are three basic patterns of polio infection: subclinical infections, nonparalytic, and paralytic.[1] Symptoms vary based on the pattern of infection and can range from asymptomatic with subclinical poliomyelitis to partial or full paralysis. Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms while the infection runs its course. Since the development of the polio vaccine, the incidence of the disease has been greatly reduced.[2] The
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormal motor nerve conduction velocity | 0040131 | |
Anorexia | 0002039 | |
Areflexia |
Absent tendon reflexes
|
0001284 |
Arthralgia |
Joint pain
|
0002829 |
Brisk reflexes | 0001348 | |
Exercise intolerance |
Decreased ability to exercise
Inability to exercise
[ more ] |
0003546 |
Fatigue |
Tired
Tiredness
[ more ] |
0012378 |
Fever | 0001945 | |
Headache |
Headaches
|
0002315 |
Hypoplasia of the musculature |
Poorly developed skeletal musculature
Underdeveloped muscle
[ more ] |
0009004 |
Low self esteem | 0031469 | |
Lower limb muscle weakness |
Lower extremity weakness
Lower limb weakness
Muscle weakness in lower limbs
[ more ] |
0007340 |
0001287 | ||
Muscle flaccidity | 0010547 | |
Myalgia |
Muscle ache
Muscle pain
[ more ] |
0003326 |
Myelitis |
Inflammation of spinal cord
|
0012486 |
Nausea | 0002018 | |
Paralysis |
Inability to move
|
0003470 |
Pharyngitis | 0025439 | |
Skeletal muscle atrophy |
Muscle degeneration
Muscle wasting
[ more ] |
0003202 |
Stiff neck |
Neck stiffness
|
0025258 |
Vomiting |
Throwing up
|
0002013 |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Absent tonsils | 0030813 | |
Bulbar palsy | 0001283 | |
Bulbar signs | 0002483 | |
Cranial nerve paralysis | 0006824 | |
Diminished movement | 0002374 | |
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty
[ more ] |
0002015 | |
Dysphonia |
Inability to produce voice sounds
|
0001618 |
Fasciculations |
Muscle twitch
|
0002380 |
Fatigable weakness of respiratory muscles | 0030196 | |
Hyperkinetic movements |
Muscle spasms
|
0002487 |
Decreased immune function
|
0002721 | |
Impairment of activities of daily living | 0031058 | |
Inability to walk | 0002540 | |
Paralytic ileus | 0002590 | |
Paraparesis |
Partial paralysis of legs
|
0002385 |
Paresthesia |
Pins and needles feeling
Tingling
[ more ] |
0003401 |
Respiratory failure | 0002878 | |
Respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation | 0004887 | |
Upper limb muscle weakness |
Decreased arm strength
Weak arm
[ more ] |
0003484 |
1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
Agitation | 0000713 | |
Coma | 0001259 | |
Confusion |
Disorientation
Easily confused
Mental disorientation
[ more ] |
0001289 |
Encephalitis |
Brain inflammation
|
0002383 |
0000822 | ||
Hypotension |
Low blood pressure
|
0002615 |
Hypovolemic shock | 0031274 | |
Irritability |
Irritable
|
0000737 |
Related diseases
Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.
Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
|
---|
Poliomyelitis must be distinguished from other paralytic conditions by isolation of virus from stool.
Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.
|
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) produces guidelines and standards, helps countries to address public health issues, and supports and promotes health research. The WHO has developed a fact sheet on this condition.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
Poliomyelitis
Acute Poliomyelitis
Pediatric Poliomyelitis - The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Poliomyelitis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Vorvick L, Vyas JM. Poliomyelitis. MedlinePlus. 8/31/2014; https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001402.htm.
- James P. Alexander, Gregory S. Wallace, Steven G. F. Wassilak. Poliomyelitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). July 10, 2015; https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/poliomyelitis.